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There’s a lot moving beneath today’s biggest headlines. Markets are adjusting to higher rates even as American shoppers keep spending, a major immigration ruling could reshape enforcement across Southern California, and new research puts the scale of polar ice loss into startling perspective.

Elsewhere, an AL division race has a new leader, scientists revive hope for one of the world’s rarest trees, and Congress heads home with unfinished business.

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The House passed the Russia sanctions bill 262-159, named for the late Sen. Lindsey Graham, sending Trump the most ambitious Ukraine-support measure since his return. It sanctions Russian officials, banks and the shadow tanker fleet, and directs the president to impose tariffs of up to 100% on the five biggest buyers of Russian oil and gas.

That list starts with China and India, which took roughly half and 37% of Russian crude exports since late 2022; Russia supplied 30% of India's oil last fiscal year, about $41 billion worth. Democrat Gregory Meeks warned Trump could aim the tariffs at EU allies instead, and that Americans "would pay the price."

On what was expected to be its final day before the midterms, the House passed the Ratepayer Protection Act 417-3, directing state regulators to consider charging AI data centers the full cost of the new power and transmission built to serve them rather than spreading it across household bills. Speaker Johnson said it "strikes the right balance"; Frank Pallone called it "only the beginning."

The vote lands as 53% of Americans say they are extremely or very concerned about AI's environmental toll, up from 41% a year ago, with most new data centers planned for rural areas. Trump has said communities that oppose them must want to be "backwards and poor"; Steve Scalise countered that a Louisiana data center funded $50,000 teacher bonuses.

The Dow fell 631 points, or 1.2%, after Kevin Warsh said "today's action starts to show we're serious about this" and the Fed's projections pointed to one more hike this year. Banks led the slide, Huntington down 5.6% and Citizens 4.8%; J.B. Hunt sank 13.3% on an earnings warning, and the 2-year yield jumped to 4.74%.

The consumer, meanwhile, isn't cooperating with a slowdown: retail sales rose 1.2% in August against a 0.7% forecast, with July revised down to a 0.5% drop, and sales excluding gas up 1.1%. Navy Federal's Heather Long: "American consumers are still opening their wallets and buying."

India and Pakistan traded diplomatic protests Thursday after their warships collided at sea, each accusing the other of breaching a 1991 pact requiring advance notice of military exercises.

Japan's Sanae Takaichi reshuffled her Cabinet Thursday in a bid to revive sagging support, keeping her defense, foreign, finance and trade ministers as Trump presses Tokyo for bigger defense spending.

Flash floods killed one person near Barcelona after a red alert for torrential rain, with a car swept away in Olivella and 850-plus emergency calls.

A federal judge in Los Angeles barred warrantless immigration arrests across seven Southern California counties unless agents can show a person is likely to flee, ruling that unlawful presence alone isn't enough.

Speaker Johnson sent the House home early to campaign, leaving behind Thomas Massie's Hegseth impeachment resolution and the Epstein-files push; Massie asked from the floor, "We're calling off Congress?"

Trump's third surgeon general pick, radiologist Nicole Saphier, told senators she does not believe childhood vaccines cause autism, as the post sits empty since January 2025.

Huawei unveiled the Atlas 960 SuperPoD, a faster AI computing cluster aimed squarely at Nvidia, and a roadmap for Ascend 970 and 980 chips in 2028 and 2029, one week before Trump hosts Xi Jinping in Washington on September 24.

Credit cards and mortgages get pricier after the hike, though LendingTree's Matt Schulz says a single quarter point "isn't really going to have" a huge impact until "you stack a few of these"; savers come out ahead.

Trump threatened "very heavy tariffs on Europe" if the EU's offer to make Canada an associate member proves a "hostile act," calling the idea "laughable" hours before Carney addresses the European Parliament today.

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T. rex ran at about 97 degrees, roughly human body temperature, scientists found by reading the atom patterns in tooth enamel from three fossilized teeth, a first firm number for the most famous animal that ever lived.

Greenland and Antarctica have shed 12.5 trillion tons of ice since 1979, enough to bury the continental US five feet deep, with five-sixths of the melt driven by warmer water rather than warmer air.

21.4 million American women who need subsidized birth control live in counties with limited access, and Maricopa County's 29 publicly funded clinics meet just 8% of demand, new maps show.

The Guardians took sole possession of the AL Central for the first time since July 3, beating the White Sox 6-3 on Petey Halpin's three-run homer and ending Chicago's 74-day run in first.

Pete Crow-Armstrong hit Nos. 43 and 44 to break Billy Williams' Cubs lefty record as Wrigley chanted "M-V-P" in an 8-4 win that denied the Braves a clinch.

Winnipeg suspended goalie Connor Hellebuyck Wednesday night for skipping the start of camp, three weeks after the 2025 MVP and Olympic gold medalist publicly requested a trade.

The NCAA conceded replay protocols were botched on Michigan's Hail Mary over Western Michigan, admitting the outcome "would have been different" but insisting it has no authority to overturn the 13-12 result.

"Barely Breathing" singer Duncan Sheik remains in "critical but stable condition" in the hospital, his family said Wednesday, eight days before previews open for his new musical "Memoirs of Amorous Gentleman."

Robert Kraft says Ed Sheeran called him asking for a $2 million commitment to aid in the region, before Macklemore — whom Kraft pulled from Gillette Stadium — challenged him to match a $1 million pledge.

Lena Dunham welcomed her first child, a daughter born via surrogate 13 days late during a solar eclipse, the "Girls" creator wrote in Vogue, calling herself "bashful and dizzy with joy."

What it is: A preliminary injunction from U.S. District Judge Maame Ewusi-Mensah Frimpong, unsealed Wednesday after being granted on Sept. 2, bars immigration agents from making warrantless arrests across the Central District of California — Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, Ventura, Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo counties — unless they first determine the person is likely to escape before a warrant can be obtained.

The detail: Agents must weigh "the totality of the circumstances known to the agent or officer," and the order holds that being in the country illegally is not, on its own, grounds for a warrantless arrest. The government must also document probable cause. "Without this, Defendants cannot show that any arrest was proper," Frimpong wrote.

She denied the government's request to pause the order while it appeals. The Department of Homeland Security did not immediately comment.

Why it matters: The case grew out of a lawsuit filed last fall by the ACLU of Southern California, Public Counsel and Los Angeles immigrant groups, which also sought to stop roving patrols that target people based on race, language or occupation. The ruling takes a legal standard — flight risk, assessed case by case and put in writing — and makes it a daily operational requirement in one of the country's busiest enforcement regions, giving both sides a documented record to argue over in every contested arrest.

What to watch: The government's appeal, and whether a higher court pauses the order before it is fully in effect; how DHS instructs agents in the seven counties in the meantime; and whether the remaining claims in the lawsuit, including the challenge to roving patrols, move toward a ruling of their own.

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A 13-year-old from Hertfordshire is the new voice of Thomas the Tank Engine and hid nine months of recording sessions from classmates by claiming physiotherapy; Henry Golding narrates the role Ringo Starr made famous.

Sandy Alcantara, who leads MLB in innings, recorded his first career save two days after a 101-pitch start, in his first relief appearance in nine years.

Two seedlings of a tree that survives in the wild as a single specimen on a Chilean cliff have arrived in Scotland, where botanists will try to keep the species from becoming a species of one.

Delegates sign the US Constitution in Philadelphia (1787) · The Battle of Antietam leaves about 23,000 killed, wounded or missing in a single day (1862) · Lt. Thomas Selfridge becomes the first person killed in an airplane crash, with Orville Wright at the controls (1908) · The NFL is founded as the American Professional Football Association in Canton, Ohio (1920) · NASA rolls out the space shuttle Enterprise (1976) · Sadat and Begin sign the Camp David Accords at the White House (1978) · Vanessa Williams becomes the first Black Miss America (1983)

"I confess that there are several parts of this constitution which I do not at present approve, but I am not sure I shall never approve them." — Benjamin Franklin, in a speech read to the Constitutional Convention on September 17, 1787

That’s the world in five minutes. Forward today’s edition to someone who likes starting the day one step ahead.

—The Five Minute Daily Team